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第一章井口工具···················································································（1）
第一节吊卡······················································································（1）
第二节套管吊钳················································································（8）
第三节滚子方补芯··········································································（11）
第二章钻(管)柱工具·········································································（15）
第一节液压双向减震器····································································（15）
第二节液压减震器···········································································（24）
第三节悬浮器··················································································（31）
第四节键槽扩大器···········································································（39）
第三章井下动力钻具···············································································（42）
第一节涡轮钻具··············································································（42）
第二节螺杆钻具··············································································（54）
第四章定向井和水平井工具·····································································（68）
第一节弯接头··················································································（68）
第二节无磁钻铤···············································································（73）
第三节弯壳体螺杆钻具·····································································（78）
第四节造斜涡轮钻具········································································（85）
第五章取心工具·····················································································（89）
第六章固井工具和尾管固井工具·······························································（99）
第一节循环接头···············································································（99）
第二节垫叉·····················································································（101）
第三节刮削（壁）器········································································（103）
第四节插入头··················································································（109）
第五节钻杆扶正器···········································································（112）
第六节尾管悬挂器送入工具·······························································（114）
第七节喇叭口铣锥、回接筒铣锥························································（119）
第七章套管开窗铣鞋、铣锥····································································（121）
第八章套管整形工具·············································································（127）
第九章震击解卡工具·············································································（133）
第一节全机械式随钻震击器·······························································（133）
第二节机械－液压式随钻震击器·························································（146）
第三节液压上击器···········································································（157）
第四节超级震击器···········································································（165）
第五节液压加速器···········································································（174）
第六节开式下击器············································································（182）
第七节闭式下击器···········································································（187）
第八节地面震击器···········································································（195）
第十章管柱打捞工具·············································································（203）
第一节公锥·····················································································（203）
第二节母锥·····················································································（208）
第三节可退式卡瓦打捞矛··································································（212）
第四节可退式卡瓦打捞筒··································································（217）
第五节倒扣接头···············································································（225）
第六节机械式内割刀········································································（229）
第七节机械式外割刀········································································（234）
第八节水力式内割刀········································································（239）
第十一章事故处理辅助工具····································································（242）
第一节套铣管··················································································（242）
第二节铣鞋·····················································································（248）
第三节安全接头···············································································（252）
第四节可弯肘节··············································································（256）
第五节铅印·····················································································（261）
第六节磨鞋、铣鞋···········································································（264）
第七节钻杆旋转工具········································································（283）
第十二章小件落物打捞工具···································································（285）
第一节磁力打捞器···········································································（285）
第二节反循环强磁打捞篮··································································（291）
第三节反循环打捞篮········································································（296）
第四节随钻打捞杯············································································（299）
第五节一把抓··················································································（303）
第六节内捞勾··················································································（305）
第七节外捞勾··················································································（308）
例：侧开式平台阶吊卡，下孔径131mm，上孔径134mm，最大载荷1350kN，则表
1、选用的吊卡应符合SY5041－92的规定，与吊环连接的吊耳尺寸应符合图1－4
3、使用前应检查锁销手柄及活门的开启与关闭是否灵活，紧定螺钉是否紧固，如
5、吊卡活门关闭后，应检查上、下锁销是否锁牢，只有当活门与主体可靠锁牢后，
1、吊卡使用后应清除泥污，检查各零件的安全性，然后涂防锈油，存放于干燥通
5、活门轴、卡页轴无剪切或其它伤痕，与轴套（孔）配合间隙小于0.2mm。
6、吊耳主体、活门、活门轴、卡页、卡页轴按SY/T5446与JB/T8468规定的方法
7、吊卡台肩面应平整，不能有明显二次台肩，18°、20°锥面的锥度公差为±5′。
9、零件配合表面及摩擦表面不影响使用性能的轻微擦伤等缺陷，用细锉、细砂布
10、凡经过修理、鉴定合格的零部件，按图纸进行组装。组装完成的吊卡使用性能
（1）各活动部位开启与关闭灵活，紧固件齐全，刷漆平整、均匀、无气泡。活门手
（5）活门旷动量小于1mm，活门锁紧后活动间隙在0.2～0.5mm范围内。
（1）按SY/T5446与JB/T8468标准对吊耳、主体、活门无损检测有缺陷，应报废。
SY5041—92《吊卡》、塔指Q/CNPC—TZ33-2003《吊卡使用维护及修理技术规程》。
1、吊钳使用后应清除泥污，检查各零件的安全性，然后涂防锈油，存放于干燥通
6、轴销、钳柄、钳头、扣合器按SY/T5446与JB/T8468规定的方法方法进行无损
9、零件配合表面及摩擦表面不影响使用性能的轻微擦伤等缺陷，用细锉、细砂布
10、凡经过修理、鉴定合格的零部件，按图纸进行组装。组装完成的吊钳应进行扣
合试验，使用性能应达到SY5035－91规定的要求。组装完成的吊钳应进行防腐涂漆。
11、验收时各活动部位开启与关闭灵活，紧固件齐全，刷漆平整、均匀、无气泡。
（1）活动件变形或磨损，活动失灵，轴销、钳柄、钳头、扣合器出现伤痕，应回收
（1）按SY/T5446与JB/T8468标准对钳柄、钳头、扣合器本体及销孔进行无损检
滚子方补芯主要由上盖、下座、轴、四方滚子（六方滚子）、固紧螺栓、加油杯等
组成。图1－6所示为四方滚子方补芯。如把四方滚子换成图1－7所示六方滚子，则为
（2）把下座架在鼠洞上方，穿好四条M38大螺栓并旋紧四条水平方向的内六角螺栓。
2)对零件的配合面须洗擦干净并涂以清洁的润滑油，零件表面的擦伤等缺陷，应
3)滚轮两端的密封面不得有撕裂或其他缺陷，其上内外“O”型圈的飞边应仔细清
（1）4颗M38固紧螺栓的旋紧力矩要达到2kN·m，滚子方补芯上盖和下座之间要
（3）方补芯上盖和下座之间间隙为3mm，当M38螺母紧固后，上盖下移超过0.3mm，
（3）滚子方补芯上盖和下座之间移动值大于0.8mm，轴座磨损严重，滚子方补芯应
SJⅡ型钻具减震器是一种能同时减缓钻柱纵向和周向振动的双向减震器。它能维持
较平稳的钻压和扭矩，从而减少钻头、钻具及地面设备的振动破坏，实现提高钻速和降
见图2－1，该减震器减震机构主要是由一种可压缩的液体弹簧、活塞换向机构和环
隙阻尼机构等组成，钻具的纵向振动和冲击载荷通过液压活塞作用在液体弹簧上。当载
注：橡胶件的老化周期为18个月(即从出厂时算起18个月后不可再用)，该产品的推荐使用周
荷增大时液体弹簧吸收能量，从而可使钻压保持不变。扭矩传递是通过心轴和活塞间的
大螺旋驱动装置，从活塞外花键到花键外筒内花键，并通过油缸和下接头传递到钻头上
纵向减震机构主要是由心轴、活塞总成及阻尼腔的环隙阻尼机构和工作腔的液体弹
簧等部份组成。它的工作原理主要是利用工作腔可压缩液体在压力作用下产生弹性变形
来吸收或释放钻头和钻柱振动能量。当液体弹簧在压缩或伸张过程中，心轴相对外筒作
轴向移动。同时阻尼腔中的非压缩液体的液流高速流过阻尼环隙，并产生大量摩擦热，
耗散掉部份振动和冲击能量。因此，纵向减震机构能吸收或减缓钻具的纵向振动和冲击
活塞换向机构是由花键外筒通过矩形花键副与活塞联接，活塞内孔通过梯形螺旋副
(4)在钻台上用1～3根钻铤加压，测量该减震器心轴的工作行程S1值的变化情况，
(5)下井前若发现不正常情况，应进行现场维护或返厂修理，严防发生井下事故。
(2)要求操作平稳，严禁溜钻，顿钻。若发生严重顿钻，溜钻等异常情况时，应及
(1)减震器每次起出井口时，都要认真清洗。检查四个油堵是否松动或脱落，各部
(2)在钻台上用下井时同样的方法测量S1值的变化，若S1值比下井前小25mm以
(3)在转盘上用内钳咬住花键外筒，用外钳咬住上接头，用一道猫头绳顺时针转动
一定角度，当猫头绳松开后，心轴应回到原来位置(心轴不受力作用条件下)。若心轴不
(5)减震器送厂修理前，必须卸松外壳各接头联结扣。但丝扣端面间距离不得超过
3、减震器每次起出后应检查油堵是否漏油和脱落,各部位丝扣有无刺坏断裂现象。
5、起钻后在钻台上用下井前同样的钻铤数加压，测量S值，当S值比表2－1中
（1）放油（放油前拉开全行程，夹持花键外筒，左旋上接头，使活塞靠住心轴凸台。）
将减震器夹持在拆装架上，夹持部位一端是母扣端，另一端是下接头，应使对称油
孔其中之一朝下，用一专门容器放在下液压腔油堵下方，卸开油堵把下腔内的硅油放出
来，把油堵重新装上以免丢失。用同样的方法把上液压腔内的L—HM32抗磨液压油放
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